Hodgkin lymphoma (Hodgkin disease)

Hodgkin lymphoma is a type of lymphoma, a cancer that affects the lymphatic system—part of the body’s immune defense. The lymphatic system includes lymph nodes, lymph vessels, the spleen, thymus, tonsils, adenoids and bone marrow. Hodgkin lymphoma (formerly called Hodgkin disease) can involve any of these areas and sometimes other organs. Lymphomas are broadly divided into Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Hodgkin lymphoma begins in B lymphocytes, which are germ-fighting white blood cells. It is highly treatable and often curable, especially when diagnosed early. Types of Hodgkin Lymphoma 1. Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma This is the most common type. It is defined by the presence of Reed–Sternberg cells in affected lymph nodes. Subtypes include: Nodular sclerosing Hodgkin lymphoma Mixed cellularity Hodgkin lymphoma Lymphocyte-depleted classic Hodgkin lymphoma Lymphocyte-rich classic Hodgkin lymphoma 2. Nodular Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma (NLPHL) A rarer form, characterized by so-called “popcorn cells.” It is often diagnosed at an early stage and may require less intensive treatment than classic Hodgkin lymphoma. Signs and Symptoms Common symptoms include: Swollen lymph nodes (neck, armpits or groin), usually painless Fever Persistent fatigue Drenching night sweats Unexplained weight loss Itchy skin When to See a Doctor Make an appointment with a healthcare professional if you notice persistent swollen lymph nodes or other symptoms that concern you. Early evaluation is important, as timely diagnosis greatly improves outcomes. Treatment Options Treatment depends on the type and stage of the disease and may include: Chemotherapy Radiation therapy Targeted therapy Immunotherapy Bone marrow (stem cell) transplant Clinical trials