West syndrome
West syndrome, also called Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome (IESS), is a rare and severe form of epilepsy that starts in infancy. It is marked by infantile spasms, a chaotic brain activity pattern on EEG (hypsarrhythmia), and developmental delays or regression. Key characteristics Infantile spasms: Brief episodes of muscle stiffening or jerking, often in clusters. Movements may be mild twitches or stronger “jackknife” bends of the body. Hypsarrhythmia: Abnormal and disorganized brain activity seen on EEG. Developmental regression: Infants may stop progressing or lose skills like rolling, sitting, or babbling. Symptoms and onset Symptoms usually appear between 3 and 12 months of age. Spasms are brief but frequent, often happening after waking. Causes The condition can be linked to structural brain problems, genetic mutations, metabolic disorders, or infections. Diagnosis EEG is used to detect hypsarrhythmia. MRI can show brain abnormalities. Genetic and laboratory tests may reveal underlying causes. Treatment There is no cure. Treatment aims to stop spasms and support development. Medications: Vigabatrin, ACTH, and corticosteroids are commonly used. Diet therapy: The ketogenic diet may reduce seizures in some children. Surgery: Considered if seizures come from a specific brain area and don’t respond to other treatments. Rehabilitation: Psychomotor therapy helps address developmental delays.
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Dr. Alessandro Calarco is a highly skilled urologist, recognized internationally for his expertise in minimally invasive and endourological procedures. His practice includes percutaneous lithotripsy, ureterorenoscopy, tumor ablation, and advanced reconstructive surgeries. He graduated with top honors from Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore in Rome, completed his Urology specialization, and earned a PhD in Oncological Urology at the same institution. His research focuses on prostate cancer biomarkers and exosomes, and he has contributed to the development of clinical protocols for hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Dr. Calarco has received advanced training in Sweden and the UK and serves as National Head of Urology for SPIGC. He has been a member of the European Board of Urology since 2013 and holds an international patent for a device that improves percutaneous nephrolithotripsy for large kidney stones. He has published extensively and received numerous awards for his surgical innovation, clinical research, and contributions to education.
Dr. Domenico Riitano graduated in Medicine and Surgery in 1989 and specialized in Orthopedics and Traumatology in 1994 at the University of Rome Tor Vergata. In 2007, he further specialized in Reconstructive and Aesthetic Plastic Surgery at the University of Messina. He refined his surgical techniques in Brazil at leading hospitals and clinics, including the Fluminense Clinic of Plastic Surgery in Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, gaining international experience in advanced reconstructive and aesthetic procedures. Doctor's services Brow lift Stem cell rejuvenation therapy (anti-aging) Scar revision Organic hair transplantation Eyebrow transplantation Medication therapy for acne Laser Skin Resurfacing Reducing cellulite Microdermabrasion Hyaluronic Acid Threads Lifting Chemical Peel Acne Scar Treatment Lip Reduction Cryolipolysis (Coolsculpting) Botox wrinkles Botox for forehead Botox for men Preventative botox Dermabrasion for acne scars Perioral dermabrasion Diamond dermabrasion Hydrafacial dermabrasion Radiofrequency calf reduction Facelift Liposuction Blepharoplasty (Eyelid correction) Breast reconstruction surgery Lipofilling (Fat Grafting) Tumescent liposuction Body Jet liposuction Mammoplasty Septoplasty (Deviated Septum Surgery) Tummy tuck Rhinoplasty (nose job) Breast lift Otoplasty (ear surgery) Forehead lift Buttock reduction Neck lift Butt implants Nipple correction Breast reduction G-spot augmentation Closed rhinoplasty Revision rhinoplasty Liposuction of the Thigh Calf Liposuction Buttocks liposuction Neck liposuction Brazilian Butt Lift Mommy makeover Knee Liposuction Abdominal Liposuction Back Liposuction Gynecomastia surgery Mini Facelift Breast Implant Revision Liposculpture Fat Reduction Gynecomastia Vaser Liposuction Liposuction (5 body areas) Post-bariatric plastic surgery
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