Hepatopulmonary Syndrome (HPS)

Hepatopulmonary Syndrome (HPS) is a serious complication of advanced liver disease. It occurs when blood vessels in the lungs dilate, creating abnormal pathways that reduce oxygen exchange. How it affects the body Dilated vessels cause blood to bypass normal gas exchange, leading to low blood oxygen (hypoxemia). This worsens the prognosis of liver disease and increases the risk of mortality. Causes HPS often develops in patients with cirrhosis, portal hypertension, or chronic liver inflammation. Symptoms Shortness of breath, especially when standing (platypnea). Cyanosis: Bluish lips, nails, or skin due to low oxygen. Orthodeoxia: Drop in oxygen when moving from lying to standing. Fatigue and rounded fingertips (clubbing). Early stages may be asymptomatic. Treatment Liver transplantation is the primary effective treatment.