Stem Cells for Heart Failure Treatment Abroad

What is Stem Cell?

Stem cells have the ability to differentiate into various cell types in the body during early life and growth. They act as an internal repair system and can renew themselves throughout a lifetime. These cells turn into those that form tissues and organs, like bones, muscles, blood, and heart, replacing faulty cells.

Features of stem cells:

• Self-Renewal: Stem cells can divide over long periods and produce identical copies of themselves.

• Potential: They can differentiate into specific cell types. This potential varies between different stem cell types.

Today, stem cells are used widely. They treat autoimmune diseases and cancer. They are also used in rejuvenation treatments and for neurological diseases.

Types of Stem Cells

• Embryonic Stem Cells: These cells come from early embryos. They can become almost any cell type in the body (pluripotent). They are typically harvested from blastocysts during early-stage development.

• Adult Stem Cells: Found in specific tissues like bone marrow, brain, and muscle, these cells can produce cell types suitable for the tissue or organ where they are located. Their ability to differentiate is more limited than embryonic stem cells (multipotent).

• Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs): These are adult cells reprogrammed to an embryonic stem cell-like state. They can differentiate into various cell types. They are usually taken from skin or blood cells and then genetically reprogrammed.

What is Stem Cell Therapy?

Stem cell therapy is a succesfull treatment in regenerative medicine. It has gained popularity because stem cells can repair and renew various body tissues.

Currently, mesenchymal stem cells are primarily used in therapy. These cells are sourced from tissues like bone, tendon, skin, or umbilical cord. They can transform into different tissue types such as bone, muscle, and cartilage.

While stem cell therapy may not cure all diseases completely and is often an adjunctive treatment, the aim is to enable the body to heal itself effectively. This can alleviate symptoms over a long period.

What is Stem Cell Therapy Used for?

Stem cell therapy is increasingly recognized for its ability to treat a variety of medical conditions by repairing, replacing, and regenerating damaged tissues and organs. Here are the main uses and details of the procedures:

• Parkinson's Disease: Research is focused on using stem cells to replace dopamine-producing neurons. Early studies show promise, with some patients experiencing improved motor function. The procedure involves harvesting stem cells, differentiating them into neurons, and transplanting them into the brain.

• Spinal Cord Injuries: Stem cell therapy has the potential to repair damaged spinal cords and restore motor function. Clinical trials are ongoing, with some showing improved mobility and sensation in patients. The process includes injecting stem cells directly into the injured area to promote tissue repair and regeneration.

• Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Therapies aim to regenerate myelin, the protective sheath around nerve fibers. Early-phase trials have shown that stem cells can reduce inflammation and promote remyelination, potentially slowing disease progression and improving symptoms. This involves intravenous infusion of stem cells.

• Leukemia and Lymphoma: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a well-established treatment. It replaces diseased bone marrow with healthy stem cells, allowing the patient to produce new, healthy blood cells. The procedure involves high-dose chemotherapy followed by infusion of stem cells.

• Sickle Cell Anemia: Stem cell therapy can replace defective blood cells with healthy ones, offering a potential cure. Successful transplants have led to long-term remission in many patients. This typically involves harvesting stem cells from a donor and infusing them into the patient after conditioning therapy.

• Rheumatoid Arthritis: Stem cells aim to reduce inflammation and repair joint damage. Early trials suggest that intra-articular injection of stem cells can decrease pain and improve joint function by regenerating damaged cartilage.

• Myocardial Infarction: Therapies focus on repairing and regenerating heart muscle tissue damaged by a heart attack. Studies have shown improved heart function and reduced scar tissue following stem cell injections into the heart muscle.

• Heart Failure: Stem cell therapy improves heart function by regenerating damaged heart tissue. Clinical trials indicate that patients receiving stem cell therapy experience improved cardiac performance and reduced symptoms. The procedure often involves catheter-based delivery of stem cells to the heart.

• Corneal Injuries: Stem cells can repair damaged corneal tissues, restoring vision. Successful treatments have been reported, with patients experiencing improved clarity and eye health. The procedure involves applying stem cells to the surface of the eye.

• Tendon and Ligament Injuries: Stem cell therapy promotes the repair of damaged tendons and ligaments. Clinical evidence suggests that patients experience faster recovery and improved function. This is typically done through direct injection of stem cells into the affected area.

• Anti-Aging: Stem cells are used in regenerative procedures to rejuvenate skin and other tissues. Treatments have shown improvements in skin elasticity, texture, and overall appearance. Procedures include topical application, injections, or infusions of stem cells to target areas.

What is Heart Failure?

Heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. The most common cause is damage to the heart muscle from a heart attack. Long-term hypertension, heart valve diseases, and congenital heart diseases also lead to heart failure.

In heart failure, the heart may try to compensate by contracting faster than normal. This causes blood vessels to narrow, reducing blood flow to vital tissues and organs. Consequently, tissues and organs may suffer damage due to impaired heart function.

When multiple factors contribute to heart failure, the disease becomes more severe. From diagnosis, a tailored treatment plan is essential. This plan aims to prevent complications and improve quality of life.

Heart failure is chronic and progressive. Medication can control symptoms and, in some cases, strengthen the heart muscle over time.

Stem Cell Treatment in Heart Failure

Treatment of heart failure with stem cells is an emerging field, currently available in a limited number of countries. Recent advancements show promising results in reducing symptoms, improving quality of life, and positively influencing disease progression.

Stem cells can treat veins by interacting with the problematic vein wall. They can also transform into heart muscle cells, addressing heart muscle weakness in heart failure treatment.

This approach strengthens the autoimmune system, speeding up the post-operative recovery process. It also accelerates the healing of heart muscle inflammation.

Endothelial stem cells, primarily sourced from bone marrow, are used for vascular wall treatment. Mesenchymal or fetal stem cells are also utilized to address other factors affecting the disease. This comprehensive treatment approach benefits the heart muscle, autoimmune system, and related factors.

The number of stem cells administered depends on the patient's age and weight. Typically, mesenchymal, fetal, or endothelial stem cells are used. Treatment is given intravenously and conducted in sessions, with the number of sessions determined by the doctor.

Can Stem Cells Treat Heart Failure?

In cases of advanced heart failure, the 1-year survival rate is 50% despite all treatments. The primary treatment for advanced heart failure is heart transplantation, not stem cells.

However, for newly diagnosed or moderate heart failure, stem cells are very effective. Multipotent human mesenchymal stem cells can transform into heart muscle cells, improving symptoms of heart failure.

Stem cells also promote new vessel formation in the heart, positively affect heart muscle cells, stimulate remodeling of intercellular structures, and activate regional precursor cells.

During heart surgeries for heart failure, stem cells are taken from the patient and transplanted into the heart muscle. This significantly increases the contraction force of the heart muscle compared to before the surgery.

Chance of Success in Heart Failure Treatment with Stem Cells

The success rate of heart failure treatment with stem cells exceeds 58%. This varies based on heart failure severity, age, weight, and other factors.

We will share examination results of a heart failure patient before and after stem cell therapy:

2019 Results:

The left ventricle and atrium were enlarged. Stomach wall hypertrophy was present. There was Type 1 diastolic dysfunction. The aorta was compressed, not expanded. Oxygen supply was insufficient (2nd degree). Blood flow through the valves was normal. Diffuse hypokinesia of the walls was observed. Global myocardial contractility significantly decreased.

2023 Results:

The left ventricle and atrium returned to normal size. Stomach wall hypertrophy was moderate. Type 1 diastolic dysfunction persisted. The aorta showed mild enlargement. Blood flow through the valves remained normal. Global myocardial contractility was stable.

Stem cell treatment for heart failure shows promising results. Administering adult stem cells directly into the heart through a catheter can reduce long-term risks of heart attack or stroke by 58% in patients with reduced ejection fraction. Intravenous stem cell application also demonstrates a 58% success rate in treating heart failure.

Best Country for Heart Failure Treatment with Stem Cells

Russia is the leading country for heart failure treatment with stem cells. This method has been used for many years in Russia, with reasonable requirements for treatment. St. Petersburg State IP Pavlov Medical University is the only clinic offering the highest success rate and best medical service for this treatment. Currently, heart failure treatment with stem cells is exclusively available at this clinic.

In Russia, bone marrow is collected, and a leukemia suspension containing necessary cells is prepared using a special technique. This cellular material is then injected into the coronary vessels of the heart, greatly enhancing heart regeneration.

Clinical results confirm the effectiveness of using one's own bone marrow cells for heart disease treatment. Patients show increased survival and improved quality of life.

The treatment methods are safe, demonstrated by 20 years of use at the Scientific and Clinical Center for Cardiovascular Surgery of St. Petersburg State IP Pavlov Medical University and supported by foreign research since 2000.

This minimally invasive procedure requires only a 3-day hospital stay.

Heart Failure Treatment Process with Stem Cells

• Preoperative Examination: The patient is admitted to the Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute Clinic. A preoperative examination is performed to assess the patient's condition.

• Bone Marrow Puncture: Under general anesthesia, a bone marrow puncture (leuco suspension) is taken from the patient's chest. The sample is then sent to the laboratory for preparation for reinfusion.

• Material Placement in the Heart Area: After two hours, without general anesthesia, the leuco suspension is delivered to the heart area using intracoronary injection. This is done through the artery to ensure precise placement in the myocardium.

• Clinical Support and Discharge: The patient is monitored in the clinic until the following morning. On the third day, the patient is discharged. Drug treatment continues after discharge to support recovery.

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