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Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that causes repeated, unprovoked seizures. A seizure happens when there is abnormal electrical activity in the brain. This activity can lead to short lapses of awareness, sudden muscle jerks, or longer convulsions.

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Reye’s syndrome is a rare but life-threatening condition that causes swelling of the liver and brain. It most often affects children and teenagers during recovery from a viral illness, especially influenza (flu) or chickenpox. Prompt recognition and treatment are critical and can be lifesaving. Key Facts Usually appears 3–5 days after a viral infection begins. Strongly linked to aspirin use in children/teens during viral illnesses. Causes low blood sugar, high ammonia, liver dysfunction, and brain swelling. Requires emergency medical care. Symptoms Infants (<2 years): Diarrhea Rapid breathing Older children & teens (early signs): Persistent vomiting Sleepiness or lethargy As it worsens: Irritability, aggression, irrational behavior Confusion, hallucinations Weakness or inability to move arms/legs Seizures Loss of consciousness Seek emergency help immediately for seizures or unconsciousness. Causes The exact cause is unknown, but risk increases when: Aspirin is given during a viral illness. A child has an underlying metabolic disorder, especially fatty acid oxidation disorders (e.g., MCAD deficiency). Certain toxins can cause similar symptoms but do not cause Reye’s syndrome. Risk Factors Aspirin use during flu, chickenpox, or other viral infections Undiagnosed metabolic conditions Viral illness plus aspirin exposure together Complications Permanent brain damage (varies in severity) Death within days if untreated Prevention Never give aspirin (or aspirin-containing products) to children or teenagers. Check labels—aspirin may appear as: Acetylsalicylic acid Salicylate / Salicylic acid Use safer alternatives for fever or pain: Acetaminophen (paracetamol) Ibuprofen Keep vaccinations up to date: Chickenpox (varicella) vaccine Annual flu vaccine Extra caution for children with known metabolic disorders. Exception: Some children with conditions like Kawasaki disease may require aspirin—this should be managed strictly by a healthcare professional. Bottom Line Reye’s syndrome is preventable in most cases by avoiding aspirin in children and teens, especially during viral illnesses. Early symptoms are subtle, but progression can be rapid—act fast if warning signs appear.